KRAKATAU VULKANO

INDONESIA~JAWA BARAT ~JAWA TENGAH ~ JAWA TIMUR ~BALI
KRAKATAU VOLKANO

Krakatoa or Krakatau, was a small volcanic island in the Sunda strait, about half way between Java and Sumatra.
	In 1883 an eruption of Mount Krakatoa (sometimes spelled Krakatau) with a force greater than that of several hydrogen bombs caused tidal wave (tsunami) that submerged the coast of the island of Java, killing thirty-six thousand people. The eruption destroyed most of the existing islandsof the Krakatao surrounds. Then new eruptions at the volcano since 1927 have built a new island, called the child of Krakatao, Anak Krakatau.
Before the explosion
View of the Water Place of Anjer Pont, painted by William Daniell in 1794, the Krakatoa mount appears in the background. Anjer is located on the Western coast of Java, at 26 miles (40 Kms) from the Volcano. At that time the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC) was governing the island of Java.
1883: the explosion
The fist alert reported in May 1883 by The Times of London. " On Sunday morning last, from six to ten o'clock, there was a tremendous eruption, with continuous earthquakes and heavy rain of ashes. On Sunday evening and Monday morning, it was continued. The eruption was distinctly seen here until nine o'clock this morning, and the smoke was seen until twelve o'clock; afterwards it cleared up a little, and at this moment the air is clouded again. The Captain Ross reports from Anjer that, on May 22, he was sailing near Java's Fisrt Point and tried to get Prinsen Island in sight, but found that it was surrounded by clouds. Then he steered from Krakatan, but found it to be the same there. the captain observed that the lower island or mountain situated on the north side of Krakatan was totally surrounded by smoke, and from time to time flames arose with loud reports. Fire had broken out in several places, and it is very likely that the trees in the neighbourhood have caught fire. " The event: Monday, August 27, 1883 at 10:02 am. At that very moment came the culminating and terrifying main eruption of the Krakatoa. Krakatoa's final twenty hours and fity-minutes were marked by a number of phases. It started by a series of explosions on Sunday at about 7 p.m. The explosion was so huge that most of the volcano's mountain (or island) desapeared under the level of the sea. A new smalest volcano island was formed later on, and called Anak Krakatoa.
This eruption of August 1883 was the largest recorded in Java, and is considered as one the world's biggest volcano explosion recorded by human in the last centuries, with the Tambora Volcano in Sumbawa on April 1815, an other Indonesian island. Coming back to the Krakatao eruption, the sound was so loud that it was heard in Thailand and in Australia. Some studies are also pointing out thet the smoke was so important that it propagated in the atmosphere for months, generating climate modification in an extended portion of the globe.
	View of the "Anak Krakatoa" volcano, as it is today. The name means "Child of Krakatoa", and lays in the ocean in a bay formed after the explosion of the Krakatoa mountain in 1883.
News	Eruption of Anak Krakatoa in November 2007
Following a major eruption in 1996 and a minor one in 2001, the Anak Krakatau (Child of Krakatau) volcano sends up powerful clouds of hot gasses, rocks, and lava as a fishing boat is moored offshore early Thursday Nov. 8, 2007, in the Sunda Straits between Java and Sumatra, Indonesia.
Nov. 12, 2007: The volcano has been active for two weeks now and has since been putting up a complete pyrotechnics show for visitors and scientists. People who are monitoring the situation say it is not too dangerous and it will probably continue for some time to come. Still there is a a warning in place to keep at least three kilometers distance from the volcano. Comments from Uusjio (Indonesian employee of Antara): "Some 10 to 15 Australian and European tourists come here every day to observe the eruptions of Mount Anak Krakatau," Iman Faisal (35), a tourist guide at Carita beach resort in Pandeglang, Banten, said here Saturday. He said many of the foreign tourists take pictures of the eruptions as the happening was something of great interest in their respective countries.

PELABUHAN RATU BEACH

TOURISM NORTH JAVA







PELABUHANRATU BEACH

Palabuhanratu beach, or who mistakenly more popular as the Pelabuhan Ratu Beach, is a coastal resort in the southern Indian Ocean in West Java. Its location is situated approximately 60 km to the south of the city of Sukabumi.

This beach is known to have a very strong waves and therefore dangerous for swimmers beach. The topography of the combination of a steep beach and sloping, steep cliffs, surf waves, and forest nature reserve.

Because this place has their own appeal, President retreat founded in 1960 in Tenjo official. In addition, the initiative also Sukarno founded Ocean Beach Hotel, one of the first luxury hotel built in Indonesia at the same time with the Hotel Indonesia, Bali Beach Hotel, and Convenience Stores "Sarinah", all of which use the funds from the Japanese booty .
Contents
[show]

* 1 Recreation facilities
* Myth 2
* 3 Conservation of fauna
* 4 External links

[edit] Recreational facilities

In addition to major hotels and luxury Ocean Beach Hotel, in this area there are also a number of hotels and small inns, cottage resorts of the Gods is one of the luxury villas sold quite visited by tourists. Not how far from the beach Palabuhanratu there are several other tourist sites. Karanghawu beach, which is located about 20 km from the city center Palabuhanratu, a coastal reef jutting into the sea and the holes in some parts of it. Reefs form more like the stove, in Sundanese called "Hawu". Other beaches are located in this area include Cibareno Beach, Cimaja, Cibangban, Break Water, Citepus, Kebon Kelapa, and Tenjo official.

Approximately 17 km from the coast there Palabuhanratu hot springs in Cisolok, the water contains a high sulfur and useful for health.

Palabuhanratu around, there are at least nine points for surfing locations, namely in the Stone Guram, Karang Sari, Ocean Beach, Cimaja, Karang Haji, Indicator, Sunset Beach, Waves Edge Seven to Tile. Each beach has a wave with their own characteristics.
[edit] Myths

Community, especially the south coast of Palabuhanratu believe that the southern sea ruler Ratu Kidul. It is said that she was a beautiful queen like an angel. In the South Sea - another name from the Indian Ocean - the southern island of Java, he enthroned in a kingdom of great spirits and beautiful.

In the month of April are usually the people around Palabuhanratu hold ritual ceremonies Fisherman's Day. Fishermen's Day is meant as a celebration of sustenance they have earned from the sea and to be kept away from disaster. Usually, the ceremony is provided offerings of buffalo head that would dilarung out to sea.
[edit] Preservation of fauna

Palabuhanratu beach is also known as a place to lay their eggs and berbiaknya endangered turtles, and therefore one of the protected animals in the world. However, the turtle-turtle beach Palabuhanratu still often rounded to eat meat while her body and her skin made souvenirs and eggs taken for public consumption.

MOUNTAIN PEARLS IJEN

MOUNTAIAN TOURISM IJEN

Ijen Crater Tourism Region is located in the middle of nature reserve area Ijen
crater which is in the Bondowoso District, District Klobang and Banyuwangi, Sub Smooth. This crater form tosca green lake at an altitude of 2368 meters above sea level. Caldera crater walls as high as 300-500m. Lake Ijen has zero degrees of acidity, has a depth of 200 meters. Acid strong enough to dissolve the clothing and the human finger.

This crater has an area of about 5466 hectares. Water crater was quite quiet and dark bluish green. The scene there looks so amazing in the morning. Water crater volume of about 200 million cubic meters of heat reaching 200 degrees Celsius, it emits a golden glow green when the sunlight hits the back of Mount Merapi, Mount Ijen twins.

To reach the Ijen crater can be done in two ways, namely from the north and the south.

a. Through the north
From Situbondo to Sempol (Bondowoso) through Wonosari then proceed to Paltuding that can be achieved by motorcycle or four wheel. Distance Situbondo until Paltuding is 93 km and the condition of the road until virtually Paltuding very good that can be completed in about 2.5 hours.

b. South road through
From Banyuwangi to the slippery which is about 15 km, which can be passed by motorcycle or four for about 30 minutes. From slippery to Paltuding which is about 18 km journey can be continued with particular types of motor vehicles double-axle jeep for about 6 km before reaching the road Paltuding called erek-erek incline in the form of S-shaped curve and once climbed, the journey takes approximately one hours, because the roads are often damaged by rain water and impassable Sulfur trucks every day.

Resource Inventory Gunungapi
The crater of Mount Ijen volcano has varied resources and potential which includes:

a. Sublimat sulfur.
Sublimat sulfur is a product of Mount Ijen's crater can be used for various purposes in the chemical industry. Sulfur produced from the sublimation of sulfur gases contained in smoke solfatara a temperature of about 200 ° C. Sulfur capacity of an average of about 8 tons / day. Solfatara field located in the southeast of Ijen crater lake.

b. Source hot springs
Hot springs sources of sulfuric acid chloride type with a temperature of 70 ° C and pH around 2, there are 6 solfatara field near Ijen. While hot water with bicarbonate-type neutral temperatures around 45 ° is in the north of the Ijen caldera is the Blawan, District Bondowoso

c. Ijen Crater Lake water
Ijen Crater Lake is a multi-component plant in which various processes occur both physics and chemistry including the release of magmatic gases, dissolving rocks, sedimentation, formation of new material and re-dissolving substances that had been established, resulting in lake water is very acidic and contains dissolved with very high concentrations. Ijen crater lake water can be made gypsum by adding calcium oxide into it. From the results of research ever conducted in BPPTK per 1 liter of water a direksikan Ijen crater with calcium oxide in 100 grams stokiometri produce gypsum.

d. Field gypsum / anhidrit
The formation of gypsum / anhidrit occurred under the Ijen crater dam upstream Banyupait time. Crater lake water containing high sulfate concentration and / or filtered through the rocks to form gypsum. Rocks here serves as a source of calcium. With the process of evaporation / heating at the surface of the gypsum that occurs can lose water to form anhidrit.

e. Mainly volcanic rock pumice
Pumice are found around the crater lake of Ijen especially in the upper Kali Banyupait.

f. Tourism and study objects vulcanology
Mount Ijen Crater Lake in addition to serve as attractive tourism objects are also very interesting to study the geology and geochemistry.

Ijen Crater Tour.

Mount Ijen Crater is one tourist destination in East Java, which is always crowded visited by both domestic and foreign tourists. Natural beautiful mountains and cool, they often start with how to enjoy camping in Paltuding. With a partridge met along the asphalt road show that. keasrian mountains and forests are still well maintained.

On the summit of Mount Ijen crater lake there with its turquoise color and had a very acidic pH. To the southeast of the lake there is a solfatara field wall and Ijen crater lake in the west there Ijen Crater Dam which is upstream from Banyupait time.

Field solfatara Mount Ijen Crater is always releasing volcanic gases with a high concentration of sulfur gases and odor sometimes sting and irritate the respiratory tract is a tourist who never missed to attend, even during the day this place is never quiet because there is always the sulfur miners retrieve and transport / carry sublimat reached Paltuding sulfur.

Ijen Crater Dam is part of interesting tourist objects but not always visited by tourists because of its achievements include the hard road to get there due to frequent landslides due Rusal. Ijen Crater Dam is a concrete building constructed since the Dutch colonial period and is intended to regulate the water level so as not to cause a flood of acid water. But this dam is not working now because the water never reached the door due to the occurrence of water seepage / leakage of water below the dam lake.

Seepage occurrence of this ongoing process of formation of lead occurs from the reaction of gypsum sulphate contained in the lake water with calcium compounds from the water and the calcium of the rocks through which the evaporation process is also accelerating its formation. Ground gypsum can be one of the interesting tourist objects when managed professionally.